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Neutrality (psychoanalysis)
Neutrality is an essential part of the analyst's attitude during treatment,〔Janet Malcolm, ''Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession'' (1988) p. 26-38〕 developed as part of the non-directive, evenly suspended listening which Freud used to complement the patient's free association in the talking cure.〔Peter Gay, ''Freud: A Life for our Time'' (1989) p. 73〕
==Early development==
In the Little Hans case study of 1909, Freud criticised the boy's father (the prime 'analyst'): “He asks too much and investigates in accord with his own presuppositions instead of letting the little boy express himself”.〔Peter Gay, ''Freud:A Life for our Time'' (1989) p. 257〕 In 1912 he laid down the mirror rule, that the analyst should not reciprocate the patient's confidences, but only reflect back what they themselves contained.〔Janet Malcolm, ''Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession'' (1988) p. 27〕 In 1915 he introduced the term neutrality, warning especially against too great eagerness to cure;〔M. Guy Thompson, ''The Ethic of Honesty'' (2004) p. 104〕 and in 1919 he wrote against offering guidance or counselling – synthesis as opposed to analysis – as to what form the patient's cure should take.〔Neville Symington, ''Narcissism'' (1990) p. 109-10〕
Freud's guidelines, especially with regard to the bracketing of ethical judgements, and personal disclosures, rapidly became accepted in the psychoanalytic mainstream,〔Janet Malcolm, ''Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession'' (1988) p. 143〕 as did the need to respect the patient' s speech and not impose preconceptions on it.〔Jean Laplanche & Jean-Bertrand Pontalis, ''The language of Psychoanalysis'' ( Karnac) p.271〕
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